Index

Brunswik, E. (1956). Perception and the representative design of psychological experiments (2nd ed.). Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

The original index was prepared by Carolyn Hursch in about 1964, but some pages were lost and never found.  In 1998, the missing pages were redone by Vivian Schneider at the University of Colorado, with the encouragement and guidance of Ken Hammond.

a-variables 17
Absolute   
     distances 63, 64
     magnitude (of the constant error) 63
     size 6
Abstract processes 22
Academic
     psychology 41
     tradition of social perception of emotions 41
Accumulation of factors, successive 24-25
     (or fractional) 27
Accuracy of perception 19
Achievement 30, 32, 34-35, 46, 48, 57, 67, 84, 93, 110, 140-143
     distal 61, 100, 109
      perceptual 34, 35, 45, 50
Acquisition of perceptual cues 123-131
Active
     arrangement 11
     command of variables 12
     control of variables 7-8
Actualgenesis 133
Actuality, perceptual 145
Acuity, visual 24
ad hoc 124
Adaptation level, 73
Adjacent area variable 15, 19
Adjustiveness, biological vii
Adjustment  23, 71, 142, 143
     cognitive 93
After the fact elimination 10
Aggregates of conditions 36-37
Agreement among judges 30, 35, 112-113
Aim,
     distal 61, 59-146 
     proximal 71
Albedo 21, 38, 123, 124, 125
Allport, G. W. 42, 103, 111, 147
Ames, A 69, 143, 147
"analogous" (Werner) 22
Analysis, ecological 49
analysis of the errors 47
Analysis of variance viii, 41, 102, 103, 106-108, 110
Analytic attitude 17, 66, 67, 97
Anderson, L. D. 18, 40, 147
Angle of separation 67, 72
Angles in Mueller-Lyer illusion 16-17
Anglo-American statistical applied and social psychology 43
Animal psychology 41
Ansbacher, H. 16, 80, 147
Anthropometric Laboratory, (Galton's) 12
Anthropometric traits 3
Apparent
     (characteristics) 103-119
     intelligence 43, 103-107, 112
     movement 15
     weight of submerged bodies 72
Applicability
     ecological 42, 43, 48, 53, 58, 109
     of sampling-of-objects 38-40
Application, premature 53
Applied psychologists 26
Applied psychology 52
Approach
     certainty geared 145
     differential 36
     experimental 43-48
     functional vii, 3, 18, 32, 36, 71, 116
     measurement-calculational 96
     measurement-computational 99
     objective 4, 144, 145
     reasoning 91
     statistical 43, 46, 144
     subjective 4
     uncertainty geared 145
Approximate invariance 20
Approximate size constancy 67, 70, 91
Archimedic points (or variables) 38
Area
     constancy 78, 80
     pole 17
     variable
          adjacent 15, 19
          fringing 15, 33, 98
Arithmetic
     gradation 19
     progressions 19
     reasoning, 89
Army Specialized Training Program 27
Arnheim, R. 120, 147
Artificial
     cues, (of illumination in color constancy) 124-127
     ecological relationship 127
     interlocking of variables 9, 15, 18, 19, 33
     laboratory ecology 67
     lenses 23
     stabilization mechanisms 23
     systematic design 12
     tie between variables 9, 15, 18, 20, 33
     untying of variables 9, 42
Aspects of design in psychological research, fundamental 7-12
Attained 20
Attainment 21, 22, 33, 61, 73, 74, 89, 140-141, 145
Attention 5
Attitude(s) 6, 16, 17, 21-22, 28, 29, 31, 32-33, 34-35, 36, 42, 44, 46, 47, 57, 63, 66, 70, 71, 72, 73, 75-76, 86-87, 89, 93-99, 102, 103, 140, 146
Attitudinal validity 30, 34
Attneave, F. 80, 147
Auditory constancies 61
Authoritarian personality syndrome 133
Autochthonous factors 54, 122-123
Autonomous, relatively 27
Autonomy of perception      96-99, 125, 130, 146
     functional 125
Awareness
     learning without 96
     Learning against 130-131
Balanced order of conditions 11
"Before and after" technique 10
Behavior 5
Bender test 135-139 
Berlin school 113, 134 
Binocular disparity 24, 25, 51, 123, 141 
Biological adjustment 50 
Brightness constancy 23 
Brunswik ratio 21f 
CE 17, 20f, 23, 32, 63, 77 
Calculus of adaptive probability 56 
Canvassing 16, 57, 62, 69-71, 81, 132, 134, 140 
Causal chains 6 
     dependency 46 
     texture of environment 119 
     variables 20 
Causation without correlation 20 
Central conditions 10 
     variables 6, 11, 33, 57 
Central tendency of judgement 22, 42, 105 
Certainty- geared functioning 89, 145 
Classical design 3, 7, 10-12, 14, 27, 28, 48, 52, 55, 58, 102
     experimentalist 26, 43 
     psychophysics 13-15, 77, 85, 130 
     techniques 25 
     univocality 55 
Clinical intuition 110 
Closedness 122
Clustervariate design 14, 19, 20 
Coefficient of variation 81 
Cognitive adjustment 93 
     differentiation 88 
     functions 89, 91, 93, 96, 146 
     goal 92 
     organization 133, 145 
     processes 78, 93, 131 
     research 115 
     wager 140  
Color constancy 21-24, 61, 62, 70, 74, 83-85, 124  
Comparative methodology 144 
Conceptual focus 
Confluxion 15, 16f, 17, 23, 24, 145  
Constancies, auditory 61 
     binocular 64 
     brightness 23 
     color 21-24, 61, 62, 70, 74, 83-85, 124 
     density 74, 76, 88 
     Gestalt 88, 94
     loudness 70, 72-74, 86-89
     multipolar 72, 76-82
     perceptual 41, 43, 57, 70, 74, 75, 82, 89, 91, 145 
     shape 22, 70, 74, 83, 84, 86 
     size 18, 19, 21f, 22-24, 27, 28, 33-35, 41, 44, 46, 47, 49-51, 53, 57, 63 -70, 72, 74, 83, 84, 87, 89, 91, 97, 98, 102, 119, 124, 140, 143  
     speech 71 
     surface 76, 77, 87, 88
     tactile-kinesthetic 61, 70, 72 
     value 78-80 
     visual 61 
     volume 76, 77, 87, 88 
     weight 72, 74-76, 88 
Constancy hypothesis 20f, 97 
Constancy mechanism 25, 76 
Constancy ratio 21, 22, 32, 63, 67, 71, 74, 76, 78, 81, 83, 88, 94, 124, 140 
Constancy research 25, 72, 82-89, 97 
Constant error 17, 20f, 23, 32, 63, 77 
Convergence 24, 33, 39 
Correlation, coefficient 3, 4, 14, 28, 30, 31, 34, 36-38, 40-43, 47, 48, 67, 68, 121, 122, 141, 142 
     ecological 42, 45, 46, 144 
     intra-ecological 36-38 
     inverted 36 
     multiple 28, 110 
     partial 12, 28, 45, 46 
     stimulus-response 45 
Covert distal variables 6, 26, 33 
Cue-object relationships 102 
Cues, alternate 80 
     auditory 73 
     binocular 24, 25, 51, 123, 141, 145 
     control of 25, 67 
     distance 49-52, 57, 91 
     facial 55, 101-116 
     family hierarchy 50, 50f, 58, 92 
     for depth 63, 65, 84, 92, 119, 123, 124 
     for weight 128 
     intersubstitutable 26, 50, 50f, 57, 140 
     intradepartmental 70-73 
     learned 122 
     local 125 
     minimal 24, 25 
     multiple 92 
     of illumination 124, 125 
     of limited validity 127-131 
     of size 119 
     or-assembly of 50 
     perceptual 50f, 57, 89, 96, 123, 142 
     physiognomic 49, 119 
     probability learning of 122 
     potential 48 
     proximal 23, 48, 51 
     representative 32 
     situational 25 
     stereotyped 89, 92, 145, 146 
     strength of 69 
     utilization of 50-52, 61, 65, 92, 110, 116, 141 
     validities of 61, 69, 80, 110, 123, 140 
     value 78
     vicarious 142 
     visual 71-74, 76 
Cybernectics 141 
Decade of the optical illusion  16 
Dependency, causal 46 
     statistical 46 
Depth of intention 100 
Depth perception 25 
Developmental hierarchy 87 
Difference 13, 32 
Differential psychology 3, 11, 30, 36, 47, 58, 82, 100, 110-113 
Distal, aim 61, 99 
     attainment 61 
     constant functions 140 
     focusing 24, 32, 33, 46, 61, 62, 70, 71, 74, 76, 77, 87, 140 
     function 143,
     instrumentality 61 
     mediation 142 
     perception 88, 89 
     pole 88, 89 
     relatedness 87 
     stimulus error 97 
     stimulus variables 34, 36 
     variables 6, 18, 24, 32, 61, 70, 73, 74, 76, 78, 82, 89, 98, 120, 121, 140, 146
     variables, covert 26, 32
Distance cues 49-52, 57, 91 
Duplicity principle 23 
Ecological, applicability 42, 43, 48, 53, 58, 109 
     correlation 42  45, 46, 144 
     co-variation 44 
     dimensions 39f, 43 
     generality 26, 38, 39, 43, 47, 48, 53, 55, 56, 58, 61, 69, 70, 82 , 87, 99, 108, 109, 113-115, 119, 122, 132, 145 
     habitat 30 
     integration 87 
     overgeneralization 114, 131 
     rapport 114 
     relationship 28, 127, 128 
     reliability 30, 35, 37, 38 
     representativeness 43, 111, 139 
     spot sampling 61 
     universe 34, 37, 108, 140 
     u variables 6, 10, 17, 49 
     variables 16, 32, 33, 45, 48 
     validity 30, 34, 37, 48-52, 56, 58, 61, 80, 89  92, 100, 102, 109, 110, 113, 116, 119, 120-123, 127, 140, 141, 144, 145 
     variation 16, 44 
     variety 111
Ecology (see also environment)
     artificial laboratory 67
     cultural 78
     impoverishment 130
     psychological 30
     textural 119, 141, 144
     uncertainty of 80
Economic theory 141
Eidotropic tendencies 133, 134, 136, 137
Einstellung (see attitude)
Environment (see also Ecology)
     distal 145
     remote 18
Error statistics 12-15
Expectancy illusion 127, 130, 131
Experimental design
     classical 3, 7, 10-12, 14, 27, 28, 48, 55, 58, 102
     clustervariate 14, 19, 20
     multidimensional 15-26, 41, 115
     multivariate 7, 15, 19
     systematic 8, 11, 17, 24, 32, 33, 43, 48, 54-58, 63-70, 99, 100, 110, 119, 124-127, 140, 143, 144 
     tied-variate 20, 130, 145 
     unidimensional 20 
     univariate 7, 14, 19, 20
Extraverts 22
Factor analysis 36
Factorial design 3, 41-43, 55, 100-102, 106, 107, 110, 113, 115, 140
Field dynamics 23, 122
Focalization 24
Form perception 32, 80
Focusing, distal 24, 32, 33, 46, 61, 62, 70, 71, 74, 76, 77, 87, 140
     proximal 70, 74, 140
Fractional, accumulation 25, 27
     modification 25
     omission 25, 27
Frequency principle 56
Functional
     achievement 110, 140, 143
     analysis 37
     approach 32, 36, 43, 71, 116
     autonomy 125
     correspondence 100
     mediation 46
     problems 30, 36, 70, 110
     psychology 46, 145
     reality of factors 52
     reliability 35
     theory 140-146
     transformation 21
     validity 6, 7, 8, 28-30, 34, 37, 46, 47, 51, 56, 58, 119, 140, 143
Functionalism 23, 32, 41, 78
     Chicago school of 32
     probabilistic 39-48
Gambler's fallacy 56
Generality
     ecological 26, 38, 39, 43, 47, 48, 53, 55, 56, 58, 61, 69, 70, 82, 87, 99, 108, 109, 113-115, 119, 122, 132, 145
     inter-individual 111
     of behavior 144
     populational 26, 38, 39, 42, 47, 54-56, 58
     situational 38
Generalized human mind 10
Generalization, scientific 144
Gestalt
     ambiguity 133
     dynamics 58, 122
     principles 15, 119, 121-123, 133, 136, 137, 139
     psychology 15, 20f, 23, 32, 54, 119, 122, 132, 134, 137
     -type interactions 106
Gestalten 100
Gottschaldt experiment 53, 54
Habit family hierarchy 50f, 92
Halo effects 28, 29-31, 34, 35, 38, 103
Heteronymous variables 35
Homeostasis 23
Homonymous variables 34, 44, 45
Illusions, optical 15, 16, 18, 24, 96
     perceptual 92, 132
Immediacy 13f, 96
Inadequacies of perceptual response 15
Individual differences 3, 5, 7, 11, 12, 14  17, 31  39, 43, 47, 49, 54, 58, 139
Intention span 86
Interaction
     among facial features 105, 106, 108, 115
     confluxion 145
     cross-departmental 71
     Gestalt-type 106
     of variables 15, 43
     uncertainty-geared 146
Inter-individual differences 17
Inter-individual observational reliabilities 47
Interception 51
Interlocked co--variation 42
Interlocking
     of variables 32, 42
Intersubstitutability
     of cues 26, 50, 50f, 57, 140
Intolerance of ambiguity 133
Intra-eoological validity 37, 51
Intra-individual
     differences 17, 139
     dimensions 108
     observational reliability 46, 47
Intraorganismic field dynamics 15
Introverts 22
Intuitive perception 31, 48, 78, 80, 81, 89, 91, 92, 145
Intuitive statistician 80-82, 143
Inverted correlation technique 36
Isobaric variation 73, 74
Isoergic variation 73, 74
Isotachic variation 73, 74
Learning
     experiments 55-58
     in intuitive perception 78
     locus of 57
     mechanism 57
     of principles 57
     perceptual 80, 125-130, 146
     probability 122, 127-130
     theory 119, 122, 123
     without awareness 96
Leipzig school 133, 134
Lens model 50-52, 141, 142
Life space 32
Linear perspective 51
Local laws 80
Loudness constancy 70, 72-74, 86-88, 99
Macropsia 29, 78
Mean
     appraisal of 81 
     indicies 103-105 
     physiognomic 101
Means-end relationships 102
Mechanical coherence 119-121
Mediating
     conditions 18
     external characteristics 28
     external cues 29
     stimuli 23
     variables 6, 23
Mediation
     behavioral 142 
     channeled 9, 20, 26, 27, 32, 92, 142 
     distal perception 142 
     functional 46 
     macro- 143 
     micro- 143 
     multiple 23, 48 
     of height 73 
     of space 72
     of speed 73
     of volume 76
     physiological 49, 50
     proximal 61
     strategy 140
     submerged 131
     tactile-visual 75
     tactual 76
     variable 6, 23, 48
     vicarious 143
     visual 76
Method of constant stimuli 13, 20f
Micropsia 29, 78
Minimal cues 24, 25
Muller-Lyer illusion 15, 16, 16f, 17-19, 20f, 33, 94-96, 98, 99
Multidimensional
     experiments 15-26, 41, 115
     psychophysics 15, 20, 32, 41, 101
Multiple mediation 23, 48
Multipolar design 74, 101
Nasion 42
Neighboring variables 6, 15, 18, 27, 29, 32
Nomothetic laws 46f, 143-145
Normal law of error 14
Numerosity perception 78-82
Object-centered research 36
Object error 97
Object judgement 23
Object--sampling 139
Objective validity 37
Objectivity
     of observation 35
Observational reliability 30, 34, 35, 37, 46, 47
Ontotropic tendencies 133, 134, 136, 138, 139
Optical illusions 15, 16, 18, 24, 96
Organismic
     adjustment 142
     functioning 6, 9, 20
     orientation 23
     responses 119
     variables 5, 10, 11, 33
Orthoscopic
     color experiences 63
     distance 63
Overt distal stimuli 33
     physical perception 43-48
POE 9, 17, 19, 21f, 71, 73-75, 78, 79
PSE 13, 17, 21f, 71, 73, 74, 76, 79, 81, 91, 93, 95
Parallelism 133
Part-causal relationships 45, 46
Partial reinforcement 55, 127, 145
Passive control 8
Perception 3, 4, 7, 12, 15
     defined 140-146
     experimental designs in 32, 33, 43
     factoring of 36
     functional autonomy of 80, 96-99, 125, 130
     instantaneous 89
     intuitive 31, 48, 78, 80, 81, 89, 91, 92, 145
     of depth 50-53, 63, 123
     of form 32, 80, 134
     of light 64
     of physical objects 26, 43
     of size 64
     of space 87
     of traits 26
     of variability 80
     social 26, 29-35, 37, 40-43, 49, 50, 57, 58, 61, 80, 96, 118. 119
     stupidity of 92, 125
     tests 24, 132
     unconscious 131
     verdicality in 78
Perceptual
     achievement 34, 35, 45
     attainment 73, 74, 79
     compromise 17, 21, 47, 48, 55, 67, 70, 73, 76, 80, 88, 89, 91, 92
     constancy 41, 43, 57, 70, 74, 75, 82, 89, 91, 145
     contrast effect 131
     cues 123, 143
     differentiation 82
     equivalence 75, 79, 85
     illusions 93, 132
     learning 80, 125-130, 146
     organization 54, 94, 122, 133
     registering 92
     shape constancy 44, 61
     stabilization 55
     testing 52, 53
     thing constancy 20f, 23
     value constancy 78-82
Photometry 14
Physiognomic attitudes 103
     cues 55, 101-116
     perception 99-119, 146
Physiognomics 29, 31, 37, 42, 49
Pole of intention 17, 75, 86, 88, 97-99
Poles of perceptual attainment 88
Populational dimensions 39f, 43
     generality 26, 38, 39, 42, 47, 54-56, 58
     reliability 58
     significance 38
Potential cues 48 
Pragnanz, law of 15, 54, 133-136 
Primary mental ability 18 
Probabilistic empiricism 56 
Probabilistic functionalism 39-48, 56, 140, 141 
Probability research 55-58 
Proximal 
     focusing 70, 74, 140 
     impact 72 
     mediation 61 
     pole 88, 89 
     relatedness 87 
     stimuli 6, 20f, 33, 37, 97, 100 
     stimulus error 97 
     stimulus variables 34 
     variables 6, 18, 24, 61, 69, 70, 120, 121 
Proximity principle 119-122 
Psychological 
     ecology 30 
     functioning 102, 141, 145
     metatheory 144  
     portrait 48 
Psychology 
     Anglo-American 43 
     animal 41, 55 
     brass instrument 13 
     clinical 114, 131-146 
     differential 3, 11, 30, 36, 47, 58, 82, 100, 110-113 
     European 43 
     functional 12, 23, 27, 32, 36, 62, 119 
     Gestalt 15, 32 
     of personality 35 
     perception 15 
     social 43, 114, 131 
     statistical applied 43 
     structural 13f, 20f, 32, 97 
Psychophysicists 14 
Psychophysics 3, 12, 48 
     classical 13-15, 77, 85, 130 
     Fechner's 53, 56 
     of probability 56 
     multidimensional 15, 20, 32, 41, 101 
Quasi-constants 10, 11, 141 
R variables 10 
Ratiomorphism 141, 143, 146 
Reaction time 25f 
Reasoning 23, 89-93, 141 
Recency effect 87, 127, 129, 130 
Reductionism 143, 144 
Redundancy 142 
Regional reference 7
Reliability
     ecological 30, 35, 37, 38
     functional 35
     inter-individual observational 47
     intra individual observational 46
     observational 30, 34, 35, 37
     sampling of subjects 38, 39
     stimulus 37
     test 31, 34
Representative co-variation 10, 12, 48
     design 3, 8, 10-12, 24, 32, 33, 48, 55, 58, 61, 62, 67, 69, 70, 84, 85, 93, 100-102, 106, 108, 115, 119, 130-135, 139, 143, 144
     forced 26
     of circumstances 26
     sampling 5, 11, 39, 40, 58, 89, 114, 131, 132
     scoring 135 
     stimulus response research 14, 41 
     testing 52, 53 
     variation 8, 12, 48, 110
Response
     dispositions 103 
     perceptual 14, 15 
     reliability 35 
     stereotopy 113 
     variables 5, 33, 34, 69, 119, 139 
Rorschach test 8, 54, 131f, 132-134, 137-139  
Rule of one variable 7, 10
SC 6
SD 6
SM 38, 39
SP 6
Sampling-of-objects applicability 38, 39
Sampling of-object-reliability 40
Sampling of subjects reliability 38, 39
Sampling applicability 38-40
Sampling,  representative 39, 40
Sensory judgement 23
Sensory mediation 32
Shape constancy 22, 70, 74, 83, 84, 86, 93, 94, 124
Shift span 22, 33, 76, 86, 146
Silk hat pattern 53
Situational generality 38
Size
     constancy 18, 19, 21f, 22-24, 27, 28, 33-35, 41, 44, 46, 47, 49-51, 53, 57, 63-70, 72, 74, 83, 84, 87, 89, 91,  97, 98, 102, 119, 124, 140, 143
     estimates 4, 5
     physical 5
Social blindness 48
     objects 26-29, 32, 34-36, 38-40, 43, 49, 96, 117, 131, 134, 139
     perception 26, 29-35, 37, 40-43, 49, 50, 57  58, 61, 80  96, 118, 119, 132
     perceptual validity 41
Stamping-in 127
Stabilization mechanisms 47, 48, 50f, 51
Standard error 38, 39
Standard deviation, appraisal of 81, 91
Statistical approach 58, 144
     dependency 46
     reasoning process 141
     validity 49, 52
Statistics,
     correlation 14
     error 12-15
     individual differences 14 
     of variability 14 
     role of, in psychology 14, 43, 58 
     stimulus response 14, 33, 47 
Stereotypy 125, 131 
Stimulus  
     bias 132 
     distal 6, 20f, 37, 51, 97, 100 
     ecological reliability of 37 
     ecological validity of 37 
     errors 22, 81, 89, 96-99 
     expansion 114 
     objects 34, 39, 40 
     patterns 1l, 100, 122, 135 
     proximal 6. 20f, 33, 37, 97, 100 
     representativeness 12, 131 
     response 3, 10-12, 41-43 
     sampling 39, 40, 108, 132 
     variables 5, 23, 30, 33, 44, 58, 69, 70
Structuralism 13f, 20f, 32, 97 
Stupidity of perception 92, 125, 145 
Subject-centered research 36 
Subject sampling 39, 40, 42, 139 
Subtractive procedure 25f 
Successive accumulation of factors 24, 25, 57 
Successive omission of factors 24, 25, 57, 63 
Symmetry 122, 133, 134, 136, 137 
Systematic
     co-variation 8
     design (see also classical design) 24, 32, 33, 43, 48, 54-58, 63-70, 99, 100, 110, 119, 124-127, 140, 143, 144
     error 17
     variation 8, 11
Texture of the ecology 119, 141, 144
Thenar eminence 73
Thing constancies 18, 20f, 21-25, 32, 48, 53, 55, 57, 61, 62, 82, 83, 91, 101
Thinking 82, 89-93, 98, 141, 146
Thouless ratios 67
Tied-variate design 20, 130, 145
Trait variables 34
Transformation, functional, of retinal image 21
u variables 6, 10, 17, 49
Uncertainty geared functioning 89, 140, 145, 146
Unconscious inference 141
Underconstancy 65
Unity of the sciences 144
Univariate 19
     experimental design 19, 20
Untied variables 81
Utilitarian functionalistic 43
Validity, attitudinal 34
     ecological 30, 34, 37
     functional 6-8, 28-30, 34, 37, 46, 47, 51, 56, 58, 119, 140, 143
     intra-ecological 37
     objective 37
     social-perceptual 41
     statistical 4, 6
     test 30, 31, 34, 39, 58
Variables
     Archimdeic 38
     causal 20
     central 6, 11, 33, 57
     confluxion of 15, 16f, 17, 23, 24, 145
     covert distal 6, 26, 33
     dependent 6, 45
     distal 6, 18, 24, 32, 61, 69, 70, 73, 74, 76, 78, 82, 89, 98, 120, 121, 140, 146
     ecological 16, 32, 41, 45, 46, 48
     figural 16, 32, 33, 45, 48
     focal 83
     heteronymous 35
     homonymous 34, 44, 45
     independent 6, 43
     interaction of 15, 43, 71, 75, 105, 106, 108, 115, 145, 146
     interlocked 32, 42
     manipulatory 9, 12f, 13, 16, 19
     mediating 6, 23, 48
     motivational 41
     neighboring 6, 15, 18, 27, 29, 32
     number of 7
     organismic 58
     personality 35
     polar 55
     proximal 6, 18, 24, 61, 69, 70, 120, 121
     relative weights of 55
     response 5, 33, 34, 69, 119, 139
     stimulus 5, 30, 33, 34, 44, 58, 69, 70
     tied 65, 74
     trait 34
     untied 81
Variate package 69, 139
Vertical illusion 22, 53, 54
Vicarious functioning 50f, 93, 140, 142, 143
Visual acuity 24
Visual field 62
     world 62
Weber law 21f, 53
Weber-Fechner law 14
Weight constancy 74, 75